Guideline for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine (2022 version) / 中国中药杂志

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.

The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

Thoughts on path of R&D and registration of innovative traditional Chinese medicine with synchronous transformation of "series prescriptions" / 中国中药杂志

Since the implementation of drug registration in China, the classification of Chinese medicine has greatly met the needs of public health and effectively guided the transformation, inheritance, and innovation of research achievements on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). In the past 30 years, the development of new Chinese medicine has followed the registration transformation model of " one prescription for single drug". This model refers to the R&D and registration system of modern drugs, and approximates to the " law-abiding" medication method in TCM clinic, while it rarely reflects the sequential therapy of syndrome differentiation and comprehensive treatment with multiple measures. In 2017, Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Drugs and Medical Devices released by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council pointed out that it is necessary to " establish and improve the registration and technical evaluation system in line with the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and handle the relationship between the traditional advantages of Chinese medicine and the requirements of modern drug research". Therefore, based on the development law and characteristics of TCM, clinical thinking should be highlighted in the current technical requirements and registration system of research and development of Chinese medicine. Based on the current situation of registration supervision of Chinese medicine and the modern drug research in China, the present study analyzed limitations and deficiency of " one prescription for single drug" in the research and development of Chinese medicine. Additionally, a new type of " series prescriptions" was proposed, which was consistent with clinical thinking and clinical reality. This study is expected to contribute to the independent innovation and high-quality development of the TCM industry.

Prognostic value of transthoracic lung ultrasound comet-tail and extravascular lung water index in septic patients / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of transthoracic lung ultrasound comet-tail and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) in septic patients.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted. Sixty septic patients admitted to department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from November 2016 to October 2019 were enrolled. The EVLWI and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were determined by pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) system at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the same time, the numbers of comet tail signs in both lungs (parasternal, midclavicular, axillary to midaxillary) were collected by chest ultrasound. Moreover, arterial blood gas analysis, such as pH value, central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (Pcv-aCO 2), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2), blood lactic acid (Lac), PaO 2/FiO 2 were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the number of comet-tail sign and EVLWI. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the number of comet-tail sign, EVLWI and prognosis. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to predict the prognosis. Results:There were 43 males and 17 females in 60 septic patients. The average age was (64.3±15.5) years old (range: 31-83 years old). There were 35 cases with pulmonary infection, 10 cases with abdominal infection, 6 cases with urinary tract infection, 3 cases with skin and soft tissue infection, 3 cases with intestinal infection, 1 case with meningitis, 1 case with cellulitis and 1 case with multiple injury. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred with 8 patients; 40 patients (66.7%) survived and 20 patients (33.3%) died on day 28. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the number of comet-tail sign was positively correlated with EVLWI ( r = 0.944, P < 0.001). There was significant difference in the number of comet-tail signs among sepsis patients with different primary infection sites ( H = 17.714, P < 0.001). The number of comet-tail signs in sepsis patients with pulmonary infection [19 (13, 27)] was significantly higher than that with other infections. The number of comet-tail sign in patients with ARDS was significantly higher than that in patients without ARDS [27 (19, 30) vs. 15 (9, 24), H = 25.387, P < 0.001]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that EVLWI, the number of comet-tail signs and PVPI were independent risk factors for death in septic patients [odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 10.772 (1.161-99.851), 2.360 (1.070-5.202), 2.042 (1.152-3.622), all P < 0.05]. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of Logistic regression model based on comet-tail sign and EVLWI were 90.0%, 90.0%, 90.0%, 81.8%, 94.7%, respectively, and area under curve (AUC) were 0.926±0.018, 95% CI was 0.912-0.975, P < 0.001. Conclusions:The transthoracic lung ultrasound comet-tail in septic patients is significantly correlated with EVLWI monitored by PiCCO. The transthoracic lung ultrasound comet-tail combined with EVLWI can better improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 28-day prognosis in septic patients.

Application of speckle tracking imaging in the evaluation of myocardial injury among patients with sepsis / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the value of speckle tracking imaging ( STI) in the evaluation of left ventricular longitudinal movement function in patients with sepsis. Methods From April 2015 to November 2016,sixty?eight patients (sepsis group) who were admitted into ICU of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and other 68 healthy subjects ( control group) were selevted in the study. The total longitudinal strain values of 3 long axes and the longitudinal strain of each segment of the left ventricle were measured by STI technique. Results The overall strain values of the septic group and the control group on the left ventricular long axis were (-17. 34±4. 34) and (-18. 43±2. 90),respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0. 04 ) , and the overall strain of the sepsis group was relatively low. The apical segment of posterior ventricular septal,the middle section of anterior septal and lateral wall of the two groups had showed no statistically significant difference ( P<0. 05) ,the differences in the other longitudinal strain values of each segment in left ventricular of the two groups were statistically significant( P<0. 05) . The longitudinal strain values of the posterior ventricular septal were (-14. 11 ± 3. 21 ) and (-18. 23 ± 2. 34 ) , ( P=0. 018 ); the longitudinal strain of the middle segment of ventricular septal were (-20. 38±2. 78) and (-17. 30±3. 42),(P=0. 024);the longitudinal strain of the basal segment of the anterior ventricular septal were (-16. 98±3. 51) and (-17. 32 ± 2. 35 ) , ( P=0. 012 ); the anterior interventricular septal apical longitudinal strain value were (-13. 11±5. 21) and (-22. 43 ± 1. 64) ( P=0. 044); the longitudinal strain values of the front wall were (-16. 22±5. 93) and (-19. 72 ± 4. 81) ( P=0. 030); the longitudinal strain values of the lower wall were (-18. 54±4. 97) and (-20. 01±3. 26),(P=0. 002); the longitudinal strain of the posterior wall is (-17. 82 ±2. 31) and (-19. 57±3. 11) (P=0. 021). Conclusion The STI technique can find out the myocardial injury in the early stage of sepsis,which offers a reliable way for evaluation of sepsis patients.

Application of bedside ultrasound monitoring of gastric residual volume in postoperative patients with rheumatic heart disease complicated with cachexia with enteral nutrition support / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To investigate the effect of bedside ultrasound in measuring the gastric residual volume in postoperative patients with rheumatic heart disease complicated with cachexia with enteral nutrition support.Method:From June 2015 to May 2017,60 patients with rheumatic heart disease complicated with cachexia who admitted in ICU were randomly divided into two groups,group A (routine enteral nutrition plan plus ultrasound monitoring GRV)and group B (routine enteral nutrition plan plus withdraw every 4h to monitor the GRV),to guide the implementation of enteral nutrition.Results:There was significant difference in Hb,TP and ALB levels between the two groups (P ＜0.05).The nutritional status of group A was better than that of group B.The incidence of gastric retention and pulmonary infection in group A was significant lower than group B (P ＜0.05).The length of target feeding time and ICU stay had a statistically difference in group A and group B [(3.02 ± 0.78) d vs (4.89 ± 0.69) d,t=2.278,P=0.019] and [(10.41 ± 1.98) d vs (11.39 ± 1.75) d,t=2.384,P=0.015].Conclusion:The application of bedside ultrasound to monitor the gastric residual volume can be an accurate method to guide enteral nutrition in postoperative patients with rheumatic heart disease complicated with cachexia,which can improve the nutrition status,shorten the length of target feeding time and ICU stay and reduce enteral nutrition-related complications.

Chemical constituents from Fallopia multiflora / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents of Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Harald.var.cillinerve (Nakai) A.J.Li.METHODS The 95％ ethanol extract of the roots from F.multiflora was isolated and purified by silica column and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1),daucosterol (2),gallic acid (3),succinic acid (4),α-D-glucose (5),Annulatin 3'-O-β-D-xyloside (6),kaempferitrin (7),inotodisaccharide (8),n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (9),erythritol (10).CONCLUSION Compounds 6-10 are isolated from genus Fallopia for the first time,compounds 3-10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from Polygonum posumbu / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Polygonum posumbu.METHODS The 95％ ethanol extract from P.posumbu was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as n-hexacosanol (1),n-tetradecanoic acid (2),β-sitosterol (3),daucosterol (4),gallic acid (5),quercetin-3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),quercetin (8),o-phthalic acid bis-(2-ethyl decyl)-ester (9),inositol (10),sucrose (11),succinic acid (12),n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (13),α-D-glucose (14).CONCLUSION Compounds 1,2,9,10 and 14 are isolated from genus Polygonum for the first time,compounds 1-14 are isolated from this plant for the first time

Study on the Investigation and Analysis of Internet of Things for Medical Health Applying / 医学信息学杂志

The paper first puts forward and designs the questionnaire of the Internet of Things (loT) for medical health,knows the development situation,relevant knowledge,attitude and application of the IoT for medical health through online KAP questionnaire survey in municipal hospitals of Wuxi-a smart city,and provides suggestions for the decision made for the development of smart city.

Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome during Cardiopulmonary Bypass / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods: Totally 62 patients scheduled for mitral valve replacement surgery were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to DEX group with constant infusion of DEX (0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 , n =31) and the control group with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride injection(n =31).A volume of 4 ml of jugular vein blood was respectively withdrawn before the induction of anesthesia (T0), at 10 min after aortic-off clamping(T1), the end of bypass(T2), 4h after bypass(T3),12h after bypass(T4) and 24h after bypass(T5).The serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-10(IL-10) were determined.Results: The serum CRP in both groups increased remarkably at T1-T5 , while the serum CRP in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T5.The serum TNF-α increased remarkably in control group at T2-T4, while the serum TNF-α increased remarkably in DEX group at T2-T3;the serum TNF-α in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T4.The serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in both groups were increased remarkably at T2-T5, T1-T5,T1-T3, respectively.The serum IL-6 and IL-8 in the DEX group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T2-T4 while the serum IL-10 in the DEX group was significantly higher than that in the control group at T1-T3.The serum WBC in both groups at T3-T5 were higher than those at T0, while the serum WBC in the control group was significantly higher than that in the DEX group at T3-T5.However, the differences between the two groups at mechanical ventilation time, ICU observation time, the incidence of postoperative SIRS after 24h, hospitalization days, and the adverse reactions were not statistically significant.Conclusion: DEX has notable protective effects on systemic inflammatory response syndrome during extracorporeal circulation.

Utility of procalcitonin,Hs-CRP and D-Dimer for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of procalcitonin(PCT),hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP),D-Dimer(DD)in the diagnosis and prognosis judgment of pulmonary embolism(PE). Methods A total of 201 patients were enrolled in the study since the PE diagnosis were made in hospital from JAN. 2013 to DEC. 2016,in which they were divided into high-risk group(n=52),intermediate-risk group(n=88),low-risk group (n = 61),cure-patient group (n = 67) and 36 normal individuals were selected respectively as a blank control group. Results The average of the PCT,Hs-CRP and DD level in the high,intermediate and low-risk group were significant difference comparing with the cure-patient and control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Teh concertration of PCT and Hs-CRP were associated with different risk stratification of PE. Combined with DD , the level of PCT and Hs-CRP can be used to evaluate the risk stratification of PE and help to judge prognosis and guide treatment.

Quality standard for Weigela japonica var.sinica / 中成药

AIM To establish the quality standard for Weigela japonica Thunb.var.sinica (Rehd.) Bailey (W.j.).METHODS TLC was adopted in this medicinal material's qualitative identification after morphological identification and microscopic identification.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extracts were detected according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia methods.Then the contents of scopoletin and total coumarins were determined by HPLC and UV,respectively.RESULTS The morphologies and microscopic characters of W.j.could be distinguished from other same generic plants.The clear TLC spot displayed good resolution.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,water-soluble extract and acid-soluble extract were no more than 12.0％,no more than 2.0％,no more than 0.5％,no less than 5.0％ and no less than 4.5％,respectively.Scopoletin and total coumarins showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 1.25-40.0 μg/mL(r =0.999 7)and 2.0-64.0 μg/mL (r =0.999 9),whose average recoveries were 98.19％ (RSD =0.90％) and 99.21％ (RSD =2.5％),respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of W.j..

Clinical application of pulmonary embolism risk stratification with multiple markers / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of coagulation markers(D-dimer,etc.),myocardial injury markers and blood gas analysis in the risk stratification of PE and prognosis of pulmonary embolism(PE) Methods Totally 201 patients with PE were divided into high-risk group(n=52),intermediate-risk group(n=88),low-risk group(n=61),treatment group(n=67)and 38 normal controls and the level of multiple markers was analyzed. Results DD,Fib,NT-proBNP,PT and PO2of PE patients(high-,intermediate- and low-risk group)were statistically different from those of treatment group and normal controls(P<0.05);cTnⅠ,CK-MB, INR,PTA and RI of high- and intermediate-risk group were statistically different(P < 0.05);but CK and SpO2 were not(P>0.05).Conclusions Multiple markers can be used as a clue to screen high-,intermediate-and low-risk PE.It also could be used to distinguish the prognosis of PE.

Establishment and Preliminary Application of the Gene Chip Detection Method of Human Pneumosis Virus / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To establish human metapneumovirus(hMPV)nucleotide rapid,specific and sensitive gene chip detec-tion method,and provide effective diagnostic methods for hMPV detection and diagnosis in shenzhen area.Methods The flu-orescence PCR primer of hMPV was designed for the highly conservative regional gene sequence of hMPV virus.Application of array probe design software designer 4.20 hMPV oligonucleotide detection probe design,oligonucleotide probe sample points to aldehyde slides on the preparation of hMPV gene chip,and parallel compared with conventional reverse tran-scriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),the sensitivity,specificity and repeatability,and was used to evaluate the clinical applicability of the samples.Results hMPV gene chip method to detect hMPV specificity was 96.23%(230/239), the sensitivity was 2.0×101/μl,linear range was 2.0×101~2.0×107/μl,and the repeatability was good.Initial tests in shenzhen area 300 clinical specimens on a nasopharyngeal swab,gene chip method detection rate was 20.3%(61/300),sig-nificantly higher than the conventional RT-PCR method 9.7%(29/300),the difference was statistically significant between the sensitivity of two methods(χ2=39.205,P<0.05).The results were consistent in two methods(kappa=0.360 7).Con-clusion Established hMPV microarray assay,gene chip method to detect hMPV has high specificity and sensitivity,wide linear range and detection.The popularity of hMPV monitoring for laboratory provides a new detecting technology and early diagnosis.

Effects of Different Sample Preparation Methods on Total Flavonoids and Puerarin Content from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in South Anhui Province / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish UV spectrophotometry and HPLC methods for content determinations of total flavonoids and puerarin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix; To compare the ultrasonic method at room temperature, conventional refluxing method and ultrasonic method at heating conditions at the aspect of content determinations. Methods The content determinations of total flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry at 250 nm; the content of puerarin was determined by HPLC with octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, a mixture of methanol and water (25:75) as the mobile phase, 256 nm as the detection wavelength, 1.0 mL/min as the flow rate. Results Contents of total flavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix by ultrasonic method at room temperature, conventional refluxing method and ultrasonic method were15.09%, 14.48%, and 12.71% (n=3), respectively. The contents of puerarin were 4.37%, 4.09%, and 3.80% (n=3), respectively. Contents of total flavonoids in Puerariae Thomsonii Radix were 2.09%, 2.23%, and 2.17% (n=3), respectively. The contents of puerarin were 0.50%, 0.53%, and 0.52% (n=3), respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonic method at room temperature can replace conventional refluxing method for content determinations of total flavonoids and puerarin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, and ultrasonic method at heating conditions also can replace conventional refluxing method for content determinations of total flavonoids puerarin from Puerariae Thomsonii Radix. Puerarin contents from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in South Anhui Province are all in line with the Pharmacopoeia standards.

Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on lipophagy in mouse primary hep-atocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To evaluate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) from GYY4137 on lipophagy in mouse primary hepatocytes .METHODS:The C57BL/6 mouse primary hepatocytes isolated and cultured by 2-step in situ perfusion method were divided into 4 groups:the cells in control group were incubated with normal medium; the cells in model group were incubated with 1.2 mmol/L oleic acid (OA) for 48 h;the cells in H2S group or propargylglycine (PAG) group were incubated with 1.2 mmol/L OA for 48 h followed by serum-free phenol red-free RPMI-1640 medium which con-tained 1 mmol/L GYY4137 or 200 μmol/L PAG for 6 h.The cells were collected to conduct immunofluorescence staining of LC3 and photography under fluorescence microscope , phase-contrast microscope or transmission electron microscope . The protein expression of LC 3-Ⅰ/Ⅱin the hepatocytes was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:In contrast with the model group, the fluorescent particles of LC3, the protein expression of LC3, the number of autophagic lysosome and vacuoles in hepatocytes in H 2 S group increased .CONCLUSION: In steatosis hepatocytes , exogenous H 2 S promotes the lipophagy .

Effects of Different Sample Preparation Methods on Total Flavonoids and Puerarin Content from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in South Anhui Province / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish UV spectrophotometry and HPLC methods for content determinations of total flavonoids and puerarin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix; To compare the ultrasonic method at room temperature, conventional refluxing method and ultrasonic method at heating conditions at the aspect of content determinations. Methods The content determinations of total flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry at 250 nm; the content of puerarin was determined by HPLC with octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, a mixture of methanol and water (25:75) as the mobile phase, 256 nm as the detection wavelength, 1.0 mL/min as the flow rate. Results Contents of total flavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix by ultrasonic method at room temperature, conventional refluxing method and ultrasonic method were15.09%, 14.48%, and 12.71% (n=3), respectively. The contents of puerarin were 4.37%, 4.09%, and 3.80% (n=3), respectively. Contents of total flavonoids in Puerariae Thomsonii Radix were 2.09%, 2.23%, and 2.17% (n=3), respectively. The contents of puerarin were 0.50%, 0.53%, and 0.52% (n=3), respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonic method at room temperature can replace conventional refluxing method for content determinations of total flavonoids and puerarin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, and ultrasonic method at heating conditions also can replace conventional refluxing method for content determinations of total flavonoids puerarin from Puerariae Thomsonii Radix. Puerarin contents from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in South Anhui Province are all in line with the Pharmacopoeia standards.

Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on lipophagy in mouse primary hep-atocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To evaluate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) from GYY4137 on lipophagy in mouse primary hepatocytes .METHODS:The C57BL/6 mouse primary hepatocytes isolated and cultured by 2-step in situ perfusion method were divided into 4 groups:the cells in control group were incubated with normal medium; the cells in model group were incubated with 1.2 mmol/L oleic acid (OA) for 48 h;the cells in H2S group or propargylglycine (PAG) group were incubated with 1.2 mmol/L OA for 48 h followed by serum-free phenol red-free RPMI-1640 medium which con-tained 1 mmol/L GYY4137 or 200 μmol/L PAG for 6 h.The cells were collected to conduct immunofluorescence staining of LC3 and photography under fluorescence microscope , phase-contrast microscope or transmission electron microscope . The protein expression of LC 3-Ⅰ/Ⅱin the hepatocytes was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:In contrast with the model group, the fluorescent particles of LC3, the protein expression of LC3, the number of autophagic lysosome and vacuoles in hepatocytes in H 2 S group increased .CONCLUSION: In steatosis hepatocytes , exogenous H 2 S promotes the lipophagy .

Neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia induced by dihydrocapsaicin on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and its mechanism of therapeutic hypothermia induced by dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.Methods Twenty adult wild type (WT) mice were randomly divided into WT group and WT + DHC group,ten mice in each group.Twenty transient receptor potential receptor 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice were randomly divided into TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group,ten mice in each group.The model of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was established in all mice.The mice in the WT group and TRPV1 KO group were subcutaneously injected with physiological saline 1.25 mg · kg-1 · h-1 after reperfusion.The mice in the WT + DHC group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group were subcutaneously injected with DHC 1.25 mg · kg-1 · h-1 after reperfusion.All the mice were moved into the cage at 22 degrees centigrade after 90 minutes of reperfusion.The core body temperature during the reperfusion period was recorded in every 5 minutes to 24 hours after reperfusion.The neurobehavioral score was performed before anesthesia and 24 hours after anesthesia.After the neurobehavioral test,the brain tissue sections of mice were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride;and the infarction rate of the brain tissue was calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the core body temperature among the four groups at 0,30 and 60 minutes after reperfusion (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the core body temperature between 90 minutes and 0,30 and 60 minutes after reperfusion (P ＞ 0.05);but the core body temperature at 2,3,4,6,12 and 24 hours after reperfusion was significantly lower than that at 0,30,60 and 90 minutes after reperfusion in WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the core body temperature among the WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group at 2,3,4,6,12 and 24 hours after reperfusion (P ＞ 0.05).The core body temperature at 90 minutes and 2,3,4,6,12,24 hours after reperfusion was significantly lower than that at 0,30 and 60 minutes after reperfusion in WT + DHC group(P ＜ 0.05);and the core body temperature in WT + DHC group was significantly lower than that in WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group at the same time point(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the total neurobehavioral score among the four groups before anesthesia (P ＞ 0.05).The total neurobehavioral score at 24 hours after reperfusion was significantly lower than that before anesthesia in the four groups (P ＜ 0.05).The total neurobehavioral score in WT + DHC group was significantly higher than that in WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group at 24 hours after reperfusion(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the total neurobehavioral score among WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group at 24 hours after reperfusion (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the score of spontaneous activity,climbing test,body proprioception and response to vibrissae touch among the four groups at 24 hours after reperfusion (P ＞ 0.05).The score of symmetry test of limbs movement and forepaw stretching test in WT + DHC group was significantly higher than that in WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group at 24 hours after reperfusion(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the score of symmetry test of limbs movement and forepaw stretching test among the WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group at 24 hours after reperfusion (P ＞ 0.05).The infarction rate of brain tissue in WT + DHC group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups at 24 hours after reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the infarction rate of brain tissue among the WT group,TRPV1 KO group and TRPV1 KO + DHC group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Subcutaneous injection of DHC after focal cerebral ischemia and repeffusion of mice can induce therapeutic hypothermia by activating TRPV1 receptor,and reduce brain tissue damage and improve neurological function.

Detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 5,150 children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses on throat swabs in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 5,150 children with ALRTI who were admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital between March 2014 and February 2015 were enrolled to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with ALRTI. Direct immunofluorescence assay was performed for throat swabs from these children to detect influenza virus A (FA), influenza virus B (FB), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the 5,150 throat swabs from hospitalized children, 2,155 (41.84%) had positive virus detection results. RSV had the highest detection rate (1,338 cases/25.98%), followed by PIV-3 (439 cases/8.52%) and FA (166 cases/3.22%), and 29 patients had mixed infection with 2 viruses. With the increasing age, the detection rates of viruses tended to decrease (χ2=279.623; P<0.01). The positive rate of RSV increased gradually from September, and reached the peak value (60.09%) in November; the lowest positive rate occurred in June (1.51%). The positive rate of PIV-3 was the highest in May (21.38%) and the lowest in November (1.77%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distribution of viruses in children with ALRTI varies with age and season, with RSV prevalence in autumn and winter and PIV-3 prevalence in spring and summer. RSV is the most common viral pathogen that causes ALRTI in hospitalized children.</p>